4.04 Display Modes

SEDPAK offers several modes for displaying the SEDPAK simulation output. The default is Basin-Lithologic Ratio, which displays a basinal cross section of the sediments deposited during the simulation run. The Display Modes are listed below and are available with or without the Sea Level (and Clastic Supply) graph, activated from the View pull-down menu (Section 4.05). Any two of these Display Modes can be shown together, one above the other, using the Top and Bottom option menus to activate them. These individual windows can be zoomed synchronously or seperately and can have portions of their cross section highlighted by the Sea Level Highlight function activated from the View pull-down menu (Section 4.5). Maturation displays (TTI and Kinetic) can be imposed on the Basin, Geohistory, and Burial History plots. The maturation model used for a particular window is activated from the select maturation model option on the View pull-down menu (Section 4.5).

Basin-Lithologic Ratio SEDPAK's default display mode. Exhibits the stacked cross sectional geometries of the sediment deposited at each time step and the current or final basin surface. The sediment fill is shown as the lithologic ratios deposited in each time step of the simulation run (Figure 4.4.1). These ratios do not indicate how the sediments are deposited, only the relative proportion of shale/sand/clarbonate within a time step and column of the simulation. Shale is designated green, sand is yellow and carbonate blue. The position of sea level with respect to the current sediment surface is indicated by a blue horizontal line.

Basin-Sequence Different color are (Figure 4.5.2) used to differentiate the stratigraphy of different time sequences. Color changes coincide with the sequence boundaries specified in the Time Boundaries data sheet (accessed from the SEDPAK EDIT menu). Heavy black dots on the Sea Level curve coincide with the sequence boundaries and the line of the curve is colored to match the sequences.

Basin-Facies Sedimentary facies geometries based on different attributes are distinguished by different colors. With the release of version 4.1 facies definitions are included in separate facies (.facies) files. Previous versions (SEDPAK 4.0 and earlier) have facies definitions incorporated in the data (.db) files. If facies definitions are included in a data (.db) file, they will automatically be loaded by the program. A variety of different .facies files can be chosen for display in the SEDPAK SIMULATION window by selecting them from the Facies Definition File on the View menu of the SEDPAK EXEC menu. Selecting the Facies button on the SEDPAK LAUNCH menu activates the Sedpak Facies Editor on which facies are defined on the basis of lithology, position, depth and porosity (Figure 5.0.1)(See Chapter 5).

Basin-Maturity (TTI) The maturation model used for the top display widow (TTI) is activated from the select maturation model option on the View pull-down menu on the SEDPAK EXEC menu. The Lopatin-Waples TTI equations are used here (Waples, 1980) (Figure 4.4.3). The calculation of the TTI values is based on the input temperature history using Temperature Gradient, Surface Temperature in space and time, and the Maturation Parameters (Section 3.21, 22, and 23). The iso-temperature lines (from 25 Celsius to 200 Celsius) are displayed as red lines (Figure 4.4.3). The basin time lines are overlain by colors representing the maturation history. Yellow represents the onset of oil generation (TTI 15 - 75), green represents the end of oil generation (TTI 75 - 160), blue represents the wet gas phase (TTI 160 - 1,500), and red represents the dry gas phase (TTI 1500 - 65,000).

Basin-Maturity (Kinetic ) The maturation model used (Kinetic ) for the bottom display window is activated from the select maturation model option on the View pull-down menu on the SEDPAK EXEC panel. Kinetic equations are used here (Tissot and Welte 1978) (Figure 4.4.3). The calculation of the timing for peak and ending of maturation is based on the input temperature history using Temperature Gradient, Surface Temperature in space and time, and the Maturation Parameters (Section 3.21, 22,and 23), and burial history. The iso-temperature lines (from 25 Celsius to 200 Celsius) are displayed as red lines (Figure 4.4.3). The basin time lines can be seen to be overlain by colors tracing the maturation history. Yellow represents the onset of oil generation and green represents the end of oil generation.

Chronostratigraphic The chronostratigraphic or Wheeler diagram of the basin fill (Figure 4.4.4) displays sediment deposition (shale, sand, carbonate) and/or their time equivalent hiatus, as a function of geographic position and time.

Time-Depth-Elevation Time-depth-elevation plot (Figure 4.4.6) (Lorenz and Finley, 1991) for a pre-defined well position (Figure 4.5.6). This display tracks the depth of burial of the sediment layers (deposited at each time step of the simulation) and a superimposed sea level curve. Elevations are measured from a stable datum, whose position is determined from a combination of paleobathymetry and eustatic sea level history. The color banding of this plot matches the Basin-Sequence display (see Section 3.18). The well position is specified using the Well Position dialog (Figure 4.5.5) which is invoked by the Select Well Position option from the View pull-down menu on the SEDPAK EXEC menu. The well location on the Basin Sequence plot can be turned on or off from the View menu.

Burial-Sequence Burial history (Van Hinte, 1978) plot (Figure 4.4.7) for a pre-defined well position (Figure 4.5.6). Plot tracks the depth of burial of the sediment layers (deposited at each time step of the simulation) measured from the depositional surface. The color banding of this plot matches the Basin-Sequence plot (see Section 3.18). The well position is specified using the Well Position dialog (Figure 4.5.5) which is invoked by the Select Well Position option from the View pull-down menu on the SEDPAK EXEC menu.

Burial-Maturity (TTI ) Burial history plot (Van Hinte, 1978) coupled with TTI maturation history. The maturation model used for the top display window (TTI) and well location are both set from options within the View pull-down menu on the SEDPAK EXEC menu. The Lopatin-Waples TTI equations are used here (Waples, 1980). The calculation of the TTI values is based on the input temperature history using Temperature Gradient, Surface Temperature in space and time, and the Maturation Parameters (Section 3.21, 22, and 23). The iso-temperature lines (from 25 Celsius to 200 Celsius) are displayed as red lines (Figure 4.4.8). The time lines are overlaid by colors representing the maturation history. Yellow represents the onset of oil generation (TTI 15 - 75), green represents the end of oil generation (TTI 75 - 160), blue represents the wet gas phase (TTI 160 - 1,500), and red represents the dry gas phase (TTI 1500 - 65,000).

Burial-Maturity (Kinetic ) Burial history plot (Van Hinte, 1978) coupled with Kinetic maturation history. The maturation model used for the bottom display window (Kinetic ) and well location are both set from options within the View pull-down menu on the SEDPAK EXEC menu. Kinetic equations are used here (Tissot and Welte 1978). The calculation of the timing of peak and ending of oil generation is based on the input temperature history using Temperature Gradient, Surface Temperature in space and time, and the Maturation Parameters (Section 3.21, 22, and 23). The iso-temperature lines (from 25 Celsius to 200 Celsius) are displayed as red lines (Figure 4.4.7). The time lines are overlain by colors representing the maturation history. Yellow represents the onset of oil generation and green represents the end of oil generation.

Geohistory-Sequence Geohistory plot (Van Hinte, 1978) for a pre-defined well position (Figure 4.5.6). Plot tracks the depth of burial of the sediment layers (deposited at each time step of the simulation) measured from the surface of the sea. The color banding of this plot matches the Basin-Sequence plot (see Section 3.18). The well position is specified using the Well Position dialog (Figure 4.5.5) which is invoked by the Select Well Position option from the View pull-down menu on the SEDPAK EXEC menu.

Geohistory-Maturity (TTI) Geohistory plot (Van Hinte, 1978) plot coupled with TTI maturation history. The maturation model used for the top display window (TTI ) and well location are both set from options within the View pull-down menu on the SEDPAK EXEC menu. The Lopatin-Waples TTI equations are used here (Waples, 1980). The calculation of the TTI values is based on the input temperature history using Temperature Gradient, Surface Temperature in space and time, and the Maturation Parameters (Section 3.21, 22, and 23). The iso-temperature lines (from 25 Celsius to 200 Celsius) are displayed as red lines (Figure 4.4.9). The time lines are overlaid by colors representing the maturation history. Yellow represents the onset of oil generation (TTI 15 - 75), green represents the end of oil generation (TTI 75 - 160), blue represents the wet gas phase (TTI 160 - 1,500), and red represents the dry gas phase (TTI 1500 - 65,000).

Geohistory-Maturity (Kinetic) Geohistory plot (Van Hinte, 1978) plot coupled with Kinetic maturation history. The maturation model used for the bottom display window (Kinetic ) and well location are both set from options within the View pull-down menu on the SEDPAK EXEC menu. Kinetic equations are used here (Tissot and Welte 1978). The calculation of the timing peak and ending of oil generation is based on the input temperature history using Temperature Gradient, Surface Temperature in space and time, and the Maturation Parameters (Section 3.21, 22, and 23). The iso-temperature lines (from 25 Celsius to 200 Celsius) are displayed as red lines (Figure 4.5.9). The time lines are overlaid by colors representing the maturation history. Yellow represents the onset of oil generation and green represents the end of oil generation.

Oil Peak-Kinetic Maturity Oil peak-kinetic maturity plot (Figure 4.4.10) tracks the peak of oil generation through time for a specified well location using the kinetic model of Tissot and Welte (1978). The Kinetic maturation model used and the well location are both selected from the View pull-down menu of the SEDPAK EXEC menu. The calculation for the timing peak and ending of oil generation is based on the input temperature history using Temperature Gradient, Surface Temperature in space and time, and Maturation Parameters (Section 3.21, 22, and 23). Yellow represents the onset of oil generation and green represents the end of oil generation.

Chapter 4, Section 05

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